Pronoun

 

📘 Materi Grammar: Pronoun

1. Pengertian

Pronoun adalah kata yang digunakan untuk menggantikan noun (kata benda) agar kalimat tidak berulang-ulang dan lebih efektif.
🔹 Contoh:

• Tanpa pronoun → Doni is a student. Doni is clever.

• Dengan pronoun → Doni is a student. He is clever.

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2. Jenis-Jenis Pronoun

A. Personal Pronoun (Kata Ganti Orang)

Digunakan untuk mengganti orang atau benda tertentu.

Subject	Object	Possessive Adjective	Possessive Pronoun	Reflexive
I	me	my	mine	myself
you	you	your	yours	yourself
he	him	his	his	himself
she	her	her	hers	herself
it	it	its	—	itself
we	us	our	ours	ourselves
they	them	their	theirs	themselves

🔹 Contoh:

• I love my dog. It loves me too.

• She gave me her book. The book is mine now.

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B. Demonstrative Pronoun (Kata Ganti Penunjuk)

Menunjukkan benda/jarak.

• This (ini, dekat tunggal)

• That (itu, jauh tunggal)

• These (ini, dekat jamak)

• Those (itu, jauh jamak)

🔹 Contoh:

• This is my bag.

• Those are my friends.

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C. Interrogative Pronoun (Kata Ganti Tanya)

Digunakan untuk bertanya.

• Who (siapa – subject)

• Whom (siapa – object, jarang dipakai dalam percakapan sehari-hari)

• Whose (milik siapa)

• What (apa)

• Which (yang mana)

🔹 Contoh:

• Who is your teacher?

• Whose book is this?

• Which is better, tea or coffee?

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D. Relative Pronoun (Kata Ganti Penghubung)

Menghubungkan klausa (adjective clause) dengan kalimat utama.

• Who → untuk orang (subject)

• Whom → untuk orang (object)

• Which → untuk benda

• That → untuk orang/benda

• Whose → menunjukkan kepemilikan

🔹 Contoh:

• The man who is standing there is my uncle.

• This is the book that I borrowed yesterday.

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E. Indefinite Pronoun (Kata Ganti Tak Tentu)

Mengacu pada orang/benda yang tidak spesifik.

• Orang → someone, anyone, everyone, nobody

• Benda → something, anything, everything, nothing

• Umum → all, some, any, few, many, much, none, each, either, neither

  1 Indefinite Pronoun untuk Orang

  • someone = seseorang

  • somebody = seseorang

  • anyone = siapa saja

  • anybody = siapa saja

  • everyone = setiap orang

  • everybody = semua orang

  • no one = tidak seorang pun

  • nobody = tidak seorang pun

  🔹 Contoh:

  • Someone is waiting for you. → Seseorang menunggumu.

  • Nobody knows the answer. → Tidak seorang pun tahu jawabannya.

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  2. Indefinite Pronoun untuk Benda

  • something = sesuatu

  • anything = apa saja / sesuatu

  • everything = segalanya / semua hal

  • nothing = tidak ada apa-apa

  🔹 Contoh:

  • I need something to eat. → Saya butuh sesuatu untuk dimakan.

  • There is nothing in the box. → Tidak ada apa-apa di kotak itu.

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  3. Indefinite Pronoun untuk Jumlah

  • all = semua

  • some = beberapa

  • any = beberapa / salah satu / apa saja

  • none = tidak ada satupun

  • much = banyak (tak terhitung)

  • many = banyak (dapat dihitung)

  • a few = beberapa (cukup)

  • few = sedikit (kurang dari cukup)

  • a little = sedikit (cukup, untuk uncountable)

  • little = sedikit sekali (hampir tidak ada)

  🔹 Contoh:

  • All of the students are here. → Semua siswa ada di sini.

  • I have a few friends in Bali. → Saya punya beberapa teman di Bali.

  • There is little water left. → Tersisa sedikit sekali air.

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  4. Indefinite Pronoun Distributif (Pembagi)

  • each = masing-masing

  • either = salah satu dari dua

  • neither = tidak satupun dari dua

  🔹 Contoh:

  • Each student must bring a book. → Masing-masing siswa harus membawa buku.

  • Either of the two pens is okay. → Salah satu dari dua pena itu boleh.

  • Neither of them is correct. → Tidak satupun dari mereka benar.

🔹 Contoh:

• Someone is knocking at the door.

• I don’t have anything to eat.

• Each student must bring their own book.

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F. Reflexive Pronoun (Kata Ganti Diri Sendiri)

Mengacu kembali ke subject.

• myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves

🔹 Contoh:

• She cut herself while cooking.

• We enjoyed ourselves at the party.

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G. Reciprocal Pronoun (Kata Ganti Saling)

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan tindakan timbal balik.

• each other (dua orang)

• one another (lebih dari dua orang)

🔹 Contoh:

• They love each other.

• The students help one another in the project.

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H. Distributive Pronoun (Kata Ganti Pembagi)

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan tiap individu secara terpisah.

• each, either, neither

🔹 Contoh:

• Each of the students has a dictionary.

• Either of the two is correct.

• Neither of them came to the meeting.

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3. Kesalahan Umum dalam Pronoun

1. ❌ She is taller than me.
   ✔️ She is taller than I am.

2. ❌ Everyone must bring their book.
   ✔️ Everyone must bring his or her book.
   (👉 meskipun sekarang bentuk their sudah diterima sebagai singular pronoun dalam percakapan modern.)

3. ❌ Me and my friend went to the park.
   ✔️ My friend and I went to the park.

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4. Latihan Singkat

1. (Personal) → Rina and I are friends. ___ go to school together.

2. (Demonstrative) → Look at ___ stars! They are so bright.

3. (Relative) → The teacher ___ teaches us English is kind.

4. (Indefinite) → ___ left their bag in the classroom.

5. (Reflexive) → He hurt ___ while playing football.