📘 Materi: Present Perfect Continuous Tense


1. Pengertian

Present Perfect Continuous adalah tense yang digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang dimulai di masa lalu, berlangsung terus, dan masih ada hubungannya dengan sekarang.
Tense ini menekankan durasi (berapa lama) atau proses kegiatan yang sedang atau baru saja dilakukan.

2. Rumus

  1. Kalimat Positif (Affirmative)

    • S + have/has + been + V-ing

    • Contoh: She has been studying English for two hours.
      (Dia sudah belajar Bahasa Inggris selama dua jam.)

  2. Kalimat Negatif (Negative)

    • S + have/has + not + been + V-ing

    • Contoh: They haven’t been playing football since morning.
      (Mereka belum bermain sepak bola sejak pagi.)

  3. Kalimat Tanya (Interrogative)

    • Have/Has + S + been + V-ing?

    • Contoh: Have you been waiting for me?
      (Apakah kamu sudah menungguku?)

3. Fungsi Utama

  1. Menyatakan aktivitas yang dimulai di masa lalu dan masih berlangsung hingga sekarang.

    • I have been reading this book since yesterday.
      (Saya sudah membaca buku ini sejak kemarin.)

  2. Menyatakan aktivitas yang baru saja berhenti, tetapi hasil atau tanda-tandanya masih terlihat sekarang.

    • She is tired because she has been running.
      (Dia kelelahan karena dia tadi sudah berlari.)

  3. Menekankan durasi waktu dari suatu aktivitas.

    • They have been working here for five years.
      (Mereka sudah bekerja di sini selama lima tahun.)

4. Kata Keterangan Waktu yang Sering Dipakai

  • Since → menunjukkan titik awal (since 2010, since morning, since last night).

  • For → menunjukkan durasi (for two hours, for a long time, for three days).

  • Lately / Recently → menunjukkan kegiatan akhir-akhir ini.

Contoh:

  • I have been teaching English since 2017. (Saya sudah mengajar Bahasa Inggris sejak 2017.)

  • She has been practicing piano for three hours. (Dia sudah berlatih piano selama tiga jam.)

5. Perbedaan dengan Present Perfect

  • Present Perfect → menekankan hasil atau selesainya aktivitas.

    • I have written three letters. (Saya sudah menulis tiga surat → fokus pada hasil: tiga surat sudah selesai.)

  • Present Perfect Continuous → menekankan proses dan durasi.

    • I have been writing letters for two hours. (Saya sudah menulis surat selama dua jam → fokus pada kegiatan menulis, belum tentu selesai.)

6. Contoh Kalimat

  1. He has been studying English for five years.
    (Dia sudah belajar Bahasa Inggris selama lima tahun.)

  2. We have been waiting here since 8 a.m.
    (Kami sudah menunggu di sini sejak jam 8 pagi.)

  3. She looks tired because she has been working all day.
    (Dia terlihat lelah karena dia sudah bekerja seharian.)

  4. They haven’t been sleeping well lately.
    (Akhir-akhir ini mereka tidak tidur dengan nyenyak.)

  5. Has it been raining since last night?
    (Apakah hujan sudah turun sejak tadi malam?)

7. Latihan Soal

  1. Lengkapi dengan Present Perfect Continuous!
    a. She ______ (wait) for her friend for an hour.
    b. They ______ (play) football since this morning.
    c. I ______ (not, study) English lately.
    d. ______ you ______ (work) here since 2020?

  2. Terjemahkan ke bahasa Inggris dengan Present Perfect Continuous:
    a. Saya sudah membaca buku itu selama tiga jam.
    b. Dia sudah menonton TV sejak tadi pagi.
    c. Mereka belum belajar akhir-akhir ini.
    d. Apakah kamu sudah menunggu lama?

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