Materi Bahasa Inggris: Adverb (Kata Keterangan)

 

Materi Bahasa Inggris: Adverb (Kata Keterangan)

1. Pengertian

Adverb adalah kata yang digunakan untuk memberi keterangan atau menjelaskan kata kerja (verb), kata sifat (adjective), kata keterangan lain (adverb lain), atau bahkan seluruh kalimat.
Adverb menjawab pertanyaan seperti:

  • How? (Bagaimana?)

  • When? (Kapan?)

  • Where? (Di mana?)

  • How often? (Seberapa sering?)

  • To what extent? (Sejauh mana?)

Contoh:

  • She sings beautifully. (Bagaimana dia bernyanyi?)

  • I will meet you tomorrow. (Kapan?)

  • He lives nearby. (Di mana?)

2. Fungsi Adverb

  1. Menjelaskan kata kerja → He runs quickly.

  2. Menjelaskan kata sifat → The book is very interesting.

  3. Menjelaskan kata keterangan lain → She runs quite fast.

  4. Menjelaskan seluruh kalimat → Fortunately, we arrived on time.

3. Jenis-jenis Adverb

a) Adverb of Manner (Cara)

Menjelaskan bagaimana suatu tindakan dilakukan.

  • Contoh: quickly, slowly, carefully, beautifully.

  • Pola umum: Verb + Adverb

    She speaks softly.

b) Adverb of Time (Waktu)

Menjelaskan kapan tindakan terjadi.

  • Contoh: now, yesterday, soon, later, today, tomorrow.

  • Posisi: biasanya di awal atau akhir kalimat.

    I will call you later.

c) Adverb of Place (Tempat)

Menjelaskan di mana tindakan terjadi.

  • Contoh: here, there, nearby, everywhere, outside, inside.

    The kids are playing outside.

d) Adverb of Frequency (Frekuensi)

Menjelaskan seberapa sering tindakan terjadi.

  • Contoh: always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never.

  • Posisi: sebelum kata kerja utama, setelah to be.

    She always wakes up early.

e) Adverb of Degree (Tingkat/Derajat)

Menjelaskan intensitas atau tingkat suatu hal.

  • Contoh: very, too, quite, almost, extremely, enough.

    The test was too difficult.

f) Adverb of Certainty (Kepastian)

Menunjukkan kepastian suatu pernyataan.

  • Contoh: surely, definitely, certainly, probably, maybe.

    He will definitely come.

4. Posisi Adverb dalam Kalimat

  1. Awal kalimat (untuk penekanan): Suddenly, the phone rang.

  2. Tengah kalimat (setelah auxiliary verb / sebelum main verb): She often reads at night.

  3. Akhir kalimat (umum untuk adverb of manner, place, time): He works hard every day.

5. Perbedaan Adjective dan Adverb

AdjectiveAdverb
Menjelaskan noun/pronounMenjelaskan verb/adjective/adverb
Contoh: She is a careful driver.Contoh: She drives carefully.

6. Latihan

A. Lengkapilah kalimat dengan adverb yang tepat.

  1. He speaks English __________ (fluent).

  2. We will meet __________ (tomorrow).

  3. She is __________ (very) happy today.

  4. My father drives __________ (careful).

  5. They play football __________ (every week).

B. Identifikasi jenis adverb yang dicetak tebal.

  1. She sings beautifully. → (__________)

  2. We will go outside. → (__________)

  3. He always wakes up early. → (__________)

  4. I will call you later. → (__________)

  5. He will surely win the match. → (__________)

Daftar Adverb Lengkap + Artinya

1. Adverb of Manner (Cara)

Menjelaskan bagaimana suatu tindakan dilakukan.

  • quickly = dengan cepat

  • slowly = dengan lambat

  • carefully = dengan hati-hati

  • beautifully = dengan indah

  • badly = dengan buruk

  • quietly = dengan tenang

  • loudly = dengan keras

  • fluently = dengan lancar

  • bravely = dengan berani

  • sadly = dengan sedih

  • happily = dengan bahagia

  • clearly = dengan jelas

  • politely = dengan sopan

  • honestly = dengan jujur

  • easily = dengan mudah

  • angrily = dengan marah

  • warmly = dengan hangat

  • calmly = dengan tenang

  • heavily = dengan berat

  • sharply = dengan tajam

2. Adverb of Time (Waktu)

Menjelaskan kapan sesuatu terjadi.

  • now = sekarang

  • today = hari ini

  • yesterday = kemarin

  • tomorrow = besok

  • tonight = malam ini

  • soon = segera

  • later = nanti

  • recently = baru-baru ini

  • already = sudah

  • yet = belum

  • still = masih

  • nowadays = saat ini

  • immediately = segera

  • instantly = seketika

  • formerly = dahulu

  • eventually = akhirnya

  • lately = belakangan ini

  • just = baru saja

  • annually = setiap tahun

  • daily = setiap hari

3. Adverb of Place (Tempat)

Menjelaskan di mana sesuatu terjadi.

  • here = di sini

  • there = di sana

  • everywhere = di mana-mana

  • anywhere = di mana saja

  • nowhere = tidak di mana pun

  • inside = di dalam

  • outside = di luar

  • above = di atas

  • below = di bawah

  • nearby = di dekat

  • far = jauh

  • abroad = di luar negeri

  • upstairs = di lantai atas

  • downstairs = di lantai bawah

  • indoors = di dalam ruangan

  • outdoors = di luar ruangan

  • beyond = di luar/lebih jauh

  • behind = di belakang

  • around = di sekitar

  • opposite = di seberang

4. Adverb of Frequency (Frekuensi)

Menjelaskan seberapa sering suatu tindakan dilakukan.

  • always = selalu

  • usually = biasanya

  • often = sering

  • sometimes = kadang-kadang

  • seldom = jarang

  • rarely = jarang sekali

  • never = tidak pernah

  • ever = pernah

  • occasionally = sesekali

  • frequently = sering

  • normally = biasanya

  • generally = umumnya

  • regularly = secara teratur

  • monthly = setiap bulan

  • weekly = setiap minggu

  • yearly = setiap tahun

  • hourly = setiap jam

  • daily = setiap hari

  • repeatedly = berulang kali

5. Adverb of Degree (Tingkat/Derajat)

Menjelaskan intensitas atau tingkat.

  • very = sangat

  • too = terlalu

  • quite = cukup

  • almost = hampir

  • nearly = hampir

  • extremely = sangat sekali

  • absolutely = sepenuhnya

  • completely = sepenuhnya

  • totally = sepenuhnya

  • perfectly = dengan sempurna

  • highly = sangat

  • enough = cukup

  • so = begitu

  • barely = hampir tidak

  • fairly = lumayan

  • greatly = sangat

  • utterly = benar-benar

  • deeply = sangat dalam

  • strongly = sangat kuat

  • particularly = khususnya

6. Adverb of Certainty (Kepastian)

Menunjukkan tingkat kepastian.

  • surely = pasti

  • definitely = pasti

  • certainly = tentu saja

  • clearly = jelas

  • obviously = jelas sekali

  • undoubtedly = tanpa ragu

  • maybe = mungkin

  • perhaps = barangkali

  • possibly = mungkin saja

  • probably = kemungkinan besar

  • evidently = terbukti

  • apparently = tampaknya

  • truly = sungguh-sungguh

  • indeed = memang benar

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