📘 PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

 


📌 1. Pengertian

Present Perfect Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan:

  • tindakan yang sudah selesai pada suatu waktu yang tidak spesifik di masa lalu.

  • tindakan yang dimulai di masa lalu dan masih berlangsung hingga sekarang.

📌 2. Rumus

🔹 (+) Positive Sentence

S + have/has + V3 (past participle)

  • I have eaten lunch.

  • She has visited Bali.

🔹 (-) Negative Sentence

S + have/has + not + V3

  • They have not finished their homework.

  • He has not called me.

🔹 (?) Interrogative Sentence

Have/has + S + V3?

  • Have you seen my bag?

  • Has she arrived?

📌 3. Keterangan Waktu (Time Expressions)

Umumnya memakai:

  • just → baru saja
    ⟶ I have just finished my project.

  • already → sudah
    ⟶ She has already eaten.

  • yet → belum (digunakan dalam kalimat negatif & tanya)
    ⟶ Have you finished yet? / I haven’t finished yet.

  • ever → pernah
    ⟶ Have you ever been to Japan?

  • never → tidak pernah
    ⟶ I have never seen snow.

  • since → sejak (diikuti titik waktu: 2010, Monday, 7 a.m.)
    ⟶ I have lived here since 2015.

  • for → selama (diikuti durasi: two hours, three days, a year)
    ⟶ She has worked here for five years.

📌 4. Penggunaan Utama

✅ A. Menyatakan pengalaman

  • I have visited Borobudur Temple.

  • Have you ever ridden a horse?

✅ B. Menyatakan kejadian yang baru terjadi

  • I have just broken my phone!

  • She has just gone out.

✅ C. Menyatakan kejadian yang masih berlanjut sampai sekarang

  • We have lived in this city for 10 years.

  • He has worked here since 2020.

📌 5. Perbedaan dengan Simple Past Tense

Simple PastPresent Perfect
Fokus pada waktu yang spesifikFokus pada hasil/tindakannya
Contoh: I went to Bali last year.Contoh: I have been to Bali.
Kata waktu: yesterday, last week, dll.Kata waktu: already, just, yet, ever, dll.

📌 6. Daftar Beberapa Verb 3 (Past Participle) Umum

Verb 1Verb 2Verb 3
gowentgone
eatateeaten
writewrotewritten
seesawseen
dodiddone
makemademade
taketooktaken

📘 Contoh Latihan Soal (Optional)

A. Lengkapi kalimat dengan bentuk Present Perfect yang tepat!

  1. They ___ (live) here for five years.

  2. She ___ never ___ (try) sushi before.

  3. ___ you ever ___ (visit) Jakarta?

B. Benar atau salah? Perbaiki jika salah!

  1. He have finished his homework.

  2. I has gone to the market.

  3. Have they seen that movie?

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